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Clearance of Water Steam Turbines and Other Steam Turbines (HS + Documents and Permits)
Types of water steam turbines and other steam turbines — steam turbines, as one of the key pieces of equipment in various industries, especially in electric power generation, hold a special position. These devices utilize the thermal energy of steam to convert force into mechanical energy and then into electrical energy. In this article, we examine the types of steam turbines and their applications in various industries.
To estimate the time and cost of steam turbine clearance (power plant/industrial), contact the experts at Saba Tarkhis.
Immediate Free Consultation1) Types of Water Steam Turbines and Industrial Steam Turbines
Steam turbines are divided into two main categories, each with specific applications and technical characteristics:
Impulse Steam Turbines:
These turbines operate using the impulse force of steam on the blades. High-pressure steam is directed from nozzles toward the turbine blades, and upon striking the blades, transfers its kinetic energy to rotate the turbine. Due to their simple structure and ability to operate at high pressures, impulse turbines are used in small and medium thermal power plants as well as heavy industries.
Reaction Steam Turbines:
Reaction turbines use a combination of impulse and reaction forces of steam to produce energy. In these turbines, steam expands while striking the blades, releasing more energy. These turbines have higher efficiency compared to impulse turbines and are used in larger power plants and more complex industrial settings such as petrochemical plants and refineries.
Impulse Steam Turbines:
These turbines operate using the impulse force of steam on the blades. High-pressure steam is directed from nozzles toward the turbine blades, and upon striking the blades, transfers its kinetic energy to rotate the turbine. Due to their simple structure and ability to operate at high pressures, impulse turbines are used in small and medium thermal power plants as well as heavy industries.
Reaction Steam Turbines:
Reaction turbines use a combination of impulse and reaction forces of steam to produce energy. In these turbines, steam expands while striking the blades, releasing more energy. These turbines have higher efficiency compared to impulse turbines and are used in larger power plants and more complex industrial settings such as petrochemical plants and refineries.
2) Industrial Applications of Steam Turbines
Due to their strong ability to convert energy, steam turbines occupy a special position in various industries. Some of the most important applications include:
Power generation in thermal power plants: Steam turbines convert thermal energy—produced from fossil fuels, industrial waste, and even nuclear energy—into electricity. These power plants are among the main sources of electricity generation worldwide.
Oil and gas industries: Steam turbines are used in refineries and petrochemical units to drive large compressors and pumps. These turbines also play a key role in natural gas processing units.
Chemical industries: In chemical processes that require steam production, steam turbines are used to generate electricity or mechanical energy. These applications are mainly seen in fertilizer production units, petrochemical processing, and the production of chemical feedstocks.
Marine industries: Steam turbines are used on ships and submarines as the main source of mechanical power for propulsion and power generation. These applications are particularly important in military and commercial fleets.
Power generation in thermal power plants: Steam turbines convert thermal energy—produced from fossil fuels, industrial waste, and even nuclear energy—into electricity. These power plants are among the main sources of electricity generation worldwide.
Oil and gas industries: Steam turbines are used in refineries and petrochemical units to drive large compressors and pumps. These turbines also play a key role in natural gas processing units.
Chemical industries: In chemical processes that require steam production, steam turbines are used to generate electricity or mechanical energy. These applications are mainly seen in fertilizer production units, petrochemical processing, and the production of chemical feedstocks.
Marine industries: Steam turbines are used on ships and submarines as the main source of mechanical power for propulsion and power generation. These applications are particularly important in military and commercial fleets.
3) Customs Clearance Process for Steam Turbines
Clearing steam turbines from customs is a complex process that requires attention to technical details and compliance with laws and regulations. Some key points include:
Customs Tariff (HS Code): Steam turbines are usually classified under HS Code 8406. For example:
Steam turbines with power greater than 40 MW: HS Code 8406.81.10
Steam turbines with power less than or equal to 40 MW: HS Code 8406.81.90
Required documents for clearance: including Commercial Invoice, Certificate of Origin, import permit from the Ministry of Industry, Mine and Trade, technical standards certificates from the country of manufacture, and an inspection report.
Compliance with laws and regulations: Importing steam turbines into Iran is subject to specific regulations that must be strictly observed. These include obtaining permits from the Department of Environment and complying with national and international standards.
Technical notes: The turbine’s technical specifications—such as output power, operating pressure, and operating temperature—must be accurately stated in the import documents. Conformity of these specifications with national and international standards should also be reviewed.
Customs Tariff (HS Code): Steam turbines are usually classified under HS Code 8406. For example:
Steam turbines with power greater than 40 MW: HS Code 8406.81.10
Steam turbines with power less than or equal to 40 MW: HS Code 8406.81.90
Required documents for clearance: including Commercial Invoice, Certificate of Origin, import permit from the Ministry of Industry, Mine and Trade, technical standards certificates from the country of manufacture, and an inspection report.
Compliance with laws and regulations: Importing steam turbines into Iran is subject to specific regulations that must be strictly observed. These include obtaining permits from the Department of Environment and complying with national and international standards.
Technical notes: The turbine’s technical specifications—such as output power, operating pressure, and operating temperature—must be accurately stated in the import documents. Conformity of these specifications with national and international standards should also be reviewed.
| Item Description | Power/Key Feature | HS Code |
|---|---|---|
| Steam turbine (general) | Power plant/industrial; impulse/reaction | 8406 |
| Steam turbine > 40 MW | Large power plants/petrochemical | 8406.81.10 |
| Steam turbine ≤ 40 MW | Small power plants/industrial applications | 8406.81.90 |
Determination of the final subheading depends on rated power, pressure/temperature, cycle type, accompanying accessories and components, and application.
4) Import, Export, and Market Conditions
Steam turbines are mainly imported to Iran from industrialized and advanced countries such as Germany, Japan, the United States, and Italy. With advanced technology in steam turbine manufacturing, these countries are considered the primary suppliers of this equipment worldwide. On the other hand, Iran is also active in exporting steam turbines to neighboring and regional countries.
Import and Export Volume of Steam Turbines
The volume of steam turbine imports to Iran depends on market demand and infrastructure/industrial projects. Typically, several million dollars’ worth of steam turbines are imported into Iran annually. Exports of this equipment have also grown in recent years given domestic capabilities in manufacturing these devices.
Steam Turbine Exporting and Importing Countries
The main exporting countries of steam turbines include Germany, Japan, the United States, Italy, and China. Leveraging advanced technologies in steam turbine production, these countries supply the global market. Conversely, developing countries and those with extensive energy industries—such as Iran, India, China, and Brazil—are among the primary importers of steam turbines.
Import and Export Volume of Steam Turbines
The volume of steam turbine imports to Iran depends on market demand and infrastructure/industrial projects. Typically, several million dollars’ worth of steam turbines are imported into Iran annually. Exports of this equipment have also grown in recent years given domestic capabilities in manufacturing these devices.
Steam Turbine Exporting and Importing Countries
The main exporting countries of steam turbines include Germany, Japan, the United States, Italy, and China. Leveraging advanced technologies in steam turbine production, these countries supply the global market. Conversely, developing countries and those with extensive energy industries—such as Iran, India, China, and Brazil—are among the primary importers of steam turbines.
Need precise HS 8406 determination, permits, and document preparation? Our team manages the entire case end-to-end.
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What is the HS Code for steam turbines?
Generally 8406; for power above 40 MW use 8406.81.10 and for ≤ 40 MW use 8406.81.90. Determining the final subheading depends on technical specifications.
What documents are required for turbine clearance?
Invoice, Packing List, Certificate of Origin, import permit (MIMT), inspection report, standards/environmental certificates, and a technical dossier (power, pressure, temperature, model/serial).
Is an impulse turbine better or a reaction turbine?
It depends on the application: impulse for high pressures and simpler design; reaction for higher efficiency in large power plants and continuous industrial processes.
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Summary and Call to Action
Due to technical sensitivity, standards, and multi-agency permits, steam turbine clearance requires precise technical and documentary planning. Saba Tarkhis stands by you from HS determination to coordination with relevant organizations.
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